The International Role in the Response to the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa Following Violent Conflicts

Evelyne Goulet; Jillian Horowitz; Jordana Schiff

doi:10.26443/firr.v10i1.26

Authors

Evelyne Goulet McGill University
Jillian Horowitz McGill University
Jordana Schiff McGill University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26443/firr.v10i1.26

Abstract

HIV/AIDS has been a global health issue for decades, one which has often been accelerated by genocide and civil war. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of the international community in dealing with the growth of the HIV/AIDS crisis following a period of violence, by focusing on three different case studies: Uganda, Sierra Leone, and Rwanda. It concludes that the most effective and successful help from the international community against HIV/AIDS is comprised of financial, technical, and structural aid to counter the crisis, and includes collaboration with local governments. However, the international community faces shortcomings if the help it provides is only financial.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Akenroye, Ayodele. 2012. "The ECOWAS Regional Framework on HIV/AIDS and the Military in West Africa." In HIV/AIDS and the Security Sector in Africa, edited by Obijiofor Aginam and Martin R. Rupiya. New York: United Nations University Press, 45-61. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/726748?ln=en.

Bhoobun, Shalinee et al. 2014. “Facilitators and Barriers Related to Voluntary Counseling and Testing for HIV among Young Adults in Bo, Sierra Leone." Journal of Community Health 39, no. 3: 514-20. DOI: 10.1007/s10900-013-9788-4.

Chikwendu, Eudora. 2004. "AIDS/HIV – When the State Fails: NGOs in Grassroots AIDS Care." Dialectical Anthropology, 28, no. 3/4: 245-59. https://doi-org.proxy3.library.mcgill.ca/10.1007/s10624-004-3584-6.

Elbe, Stefan. 2002. "HIV/AIDS and the Changing Landscape of War in Africa." International Security 27, no. 2: 159-77. https://muse-jhu-edu.proxy3.library.mcgill.ca/article/37453.

Gisselquist, David. 2004. ‘‘Impact of Long-Term Civil Disorders and Wars on the Trajectory of HIV Epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS 1, no. 2: 114-27. DOI: 10.1080/17290376.2004.9724834.

Hasselskog, Malin, et al. 2017. ‘‘National Ownership and Donor Involvement: An Aid Paradox Illustrated by the Case of Rwanda." Third World Quarterly 37, no. 8: 1-15. DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2016.1256763.

Hogle, Janice A., ed. 2002. What Happened in Uganda? Declining HIV Prevalence, Behavior Change, and the National Response. Washington, D.C: U.S. Agency for International Development. https://www.hivsharespace.net/resource/what-happened-uganda-declining-hiv-prevalence-behavior-change-and-national-response.

Iqbal, Zaryab, and Christopher Zorn. 2010. "Violent Conflict and the Spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa." The Journal of Politics 72, no. 1: 149-62. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1017/S0022381609990533.

Kasozi, A.B.K. 1994. Social Origins of Violence in Uganda, 1964-1985. McGill-Queen's University Press. https://www.mqup.ca/social-origins-of-violence-in-uganda--1964-1985--the-products-9780773512184.php.

Larsen, Mandi M. et al. 2004. ’‘Changes in HIV/AIDS/STI Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among Commercial Sex Workers and Military Forces in Port Loko, Sierra Leone." Disasters 28, no. 3: 239-54. DOI: 10.1111/j.0361-3666.2004.00256.x.

Mcinnes, Colin. 2011. ‘‘HIV, AIDS and Conflict in Africa: Why Isn't It (Even) Worse?" Review of International Studies 37, no. 2: 485-509. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210510000574.

Mohammad, Nadeem, and David Blankhart. 2007. Africa Multi-Country AIDS Program 2000-2006: Results of the World Bank's Response to a Development Crisis. World Bank. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/145971468321858445/the-africa-multi-country-aids-program-2000-2006-results-of-the-world-banks-response-to-a-development-crisis.

Muriisa, Roberts Kabeba. 2010. ‘‘The Role of NGOs in Addressing Gender Inequality and HIV/AIDS in Uganda." Canadian Journal of African Studies 44, no. 3: 605-23. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00083968.2010.9707547.

Olivier, Laetitia, Theo Neethling and Benjamin Mokoena. 2009. ‘‘Chapter 3: Developmental Peace Missions: Context, Concepts and Principles." In Pursuing human security in Africa through Developmental Peace Missions: Ambitious construct or feasible ideal?. South African Journal of Military Studies 3: 46-83. doi: 10.5787/0-0-75.

Opeyemi, Olubowale Josiah. 2012. ‘‘A Disorderly Resolution of an Organized Conflict: The Military Dimension and the Spread of HIV/AIDS in Sierra Leone." HIV/AIDS and the Security Sector in Africa, edited by Obijiofor Aginam and Martin R. Rupiya, New York: United Nations University Press: 141-51. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/726748?ln=en.

Richter, Donna Lorraine et al. 2001. "Limiting the Spread of HIV/AIDS in Sierra Leone: Opportunities for Intervention." The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 12, no. 5: 48-54. DOI: 10.1016/S1055-3290(06)60262-8.

Schoepf, Brooke Grundfest. 2003. "Uganda: Lessons for AIDS Control in Africa." Review of African Political Economy 30, no. 98: 553-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/03.

Smallman-Raynor, M. R., and A. D. Cliff. 1991. "Civil War and the Spread of AIDS in Central Africa." Epidemiology and Infection 107, no. 1: 69-80. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2272046/.

Thomson, Susan. 2010. "Local Power Relations and Household Gender Dynamics: Assessing Rwanda's Claim to Universal HIV/AIDS Treatment in Context." Canadian Journal of African Studies 44, no. 3: 552-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2010.9707545.

World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa. 2009. “WHO Country Cooperation Strategy 2008–2013 Sierra Leone.” https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/137364.

Zorbes, Eugenia. 2011. ‘‘Aid Dependence and Policy Independence: Explaining the Rwandan Paradox." In Remaking Rwanda: State Building and Human Rights after Mass Violence, edited by Scott Straus and Lars Waldorf. Madison: Wisconsin University Press, 103-17. https://uwpress.wisc.edu/books/4876.htm.